
Jaw Crushers
Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Rock Crushers, Jaw Crushers
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Sandstone, Travertine
China(3668)
Italy(1388)
Turkey(513)
Spain(194)
Viet Nam(111)
India(108)
United States(104)
Germany(80)
Portugal(66)
Greece(64)
Poland(55)
Netherlands(52)
San Marino(48)
Lebanon(45)
Taiwan(42)
South Korea(33)
Canada(27)
Brazil(18)
France(18)
Japan(15)
Czech Republic(14)
Australia(13)
Jordan(12)
Pakistan(10)
Ukraine(9)
Iran(8)
Sweden(7)
Russian Federation(6)
Lithuania(4)
Belgium(3)
Serbia(3)
United Kingdom(3)
Bosnia and Herzegovina(2)
Bulgaria(2)
Croatia(2)
Norway(2)
Romania(2)
South Africa(2)
United Arab Emirates(2)
Armenia(1)
Chile(1)
Finland(1)
Hungary(1)
Ireland(1)
Israel(1)
Kazakhstan(1)
Saudi Arabia(1)
Singapore(1)
Slovakia(1)
Switzerland(1)
Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Rock Crushers, Jaw Crushers
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Sandstone, Travertine

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Stone Chain Saw Machines › Backhoe Squaring Chain Saw
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Chain saws machines, Stationary machines for laboratory / sawmill Chain saw machine The chain saw model CST 965 is a cutting chain mounted on the rear of a wheeled tractor cab, called Terna. The machine is self powered and is autonomous both in handling and positioning. It can perform vertical cuts up to the maximum depth of 3.25 meters on marble, limestone and stone materials of similar hardness. The machine is ideal for squaring blocks and for the making series of front cuts. Arms and chains a

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Slab Cutting Machines › CNC Bridge Cutting Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
BRIDGE SAWS AND MILLING MACHINES QUALITA ACESSIBILE "AVAILABLE QUALITY" - this is the motto and a very short description of Gmm machines, machines whose reliability has been appreciated by customers all over the world. The construction of such a product was possible thanks to high specialization, application of advanced technologies, perfect organization and many years of experience in the stone sector in the design and production of bridge saws. The best recommendation for any company is the nu

€110,000 - €125,000
Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 9 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Quartzite
Machinery Function Features:
we have right now the following machine models under very big discount 1. Telediam -TDI-25-Beton 25 Hp power machine, variable speed, suitable for small cuts in the quarry and block dimensioning, squaring operations. Installing the suitable diamond wire, the plant can cut every kind of stone, marble, granite, natural stones, beton included. The reduced dimensions make the plant suitable in case of little operations of demolition, since it is light to be moved/transported. The rotation of

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Handling, Loading Machines › Stone Tools Machinery
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Artificial Stone, Basalt
Machinery Function Features:
Specifications H85A Machine Specifications American Metric Machine Weight 2300 lbs 1045 kg Diameter Range 2.34" - 7.38" 59.44 - 187.45mm Torque at Hone Head 585in.lbs 265NM Stroker Motor Torque 88.5in.lbs 40NM Stroke System Acceleration 200in/sec2 5m/sec2 Spindle Stroke Speed 0-1500ipm 0-38m/min Spindle - Motor Torque 114in.lbs 53NM Stroker Motor Power 3.3HP 2.47KW Workpiece Capacity - Length 55" 1400mm Travel - Horizontal (X Axis) 38" 965mm Spindle - Rotation Speed 1 to 400 RPM Spindle - Motor

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › Stone Carving Robot
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Scultorob is a 7 axis robotic system for milling and turning operations on models and prototypes made of resin, wood and other light materials. Scultorob can be used as a flexible milling centre, combined with the versality and easiness of ARPP®, the software expressly developed to bring out all its potential. Roboticom takes pride in being among the first companies to develop robotic systems targeting the artistic marble industry. We have been steadily consolidating our market presence ever sin

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Tile Cutting Machines › Hydraulic Stone Splitting Machine
Warranty: 24 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
* Maximum attention at customer’s satisfaction * Customized and to our target functional machines * Whole flexibility for possible new requests and adaptations * High quality and certifications of offered products * Continuous advice * Prompt technical assistance worldwide

€35,000
Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Block Cutting Machines › Closed Frame Gang Saw
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Basalt, Quartzite, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
For sale, Remanufactured (2021) Gang-saw multi-blade with 40 blades (standard) to 60 blades for cutting blocks of marble, travertine or tufa. Every piece of the frame: pillars, cross members, crossbars, pulleys, etc., was disassembled and cleaned to pure metal by sandblasting. Next, the pieces were taken to a machine-shop and rebuilt, one by one, putting in new bearings, bushings, screws, etc. Then they were painted with epoxy anti-rust primer and acrylic paints. Both the main machine and the bl

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Surface Processing Machines › Slab Polishing Line Machine
Usage: Marble
Machinery Function Features:
Polishing machine for slabs mod. LLBV/2000 M allows to polish and grind slabs of marble of different thickness. Its structure is composed of a normalized grinded base made of electro-welded steel, and of a moving bridge made of stiffened steel. The single, cast iron operating heads are positioned on the bridge. It is installed on the base a nonskid conveyor belt, covered with rubber, to avoid undesirable movements of the slabs during the processing. The bridge motion is by means of wheels in oil

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Stone Chain Saw Machines › Bank Chain Saw Machines
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The chain saw machine model ”NF-7.1” is designated for the extraction of marble and stone blocks in the open sky quarries using the most recent technologies. The chain saw “NF-7.1” permits to improve the performances and to reduce to minimum the cost of the cut. The chain saw “NF-7.1” is universal: it can execute vertical and horizontal cuts on materials with compression strength higher than 150 Mpa. The movement of the machine is made through a sprocket and rack element assembled on the rails.

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Handling, Loading Machines › Stone Scanner
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Mapascan is the first and most powerful solution able to scan stone slabs automatically from the line of production. The system allows you to develop an accurate electronic slab inventory, perfectly integrated with web applications or any existing inventory software, using the high definition and high resolution photo. Mapascan, adopted by small and big stone companies, can be used by the operator or in full automation linked to barcode or Rfid systems.

€105,000
Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › CNC Working Center
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite
Machinery Function Features:
Brand new Stone processing CNC Machine with 5 axes. 5D CNC. Fully autamatic. Cutting, milling, routing, drilling, polishing, smoothing. For any segment of stone and glass industry. Produced in 2011, but didn't run even a minute. It contains the softwares, but no tools. ISO 40. The price is brutto 110.000 dollars. Movement axis: axis X: 3800 mm/72/min axis Y: 2350-7000 mm/92/min axis Z: 900 mm/33/min 1400 mm/33/min Price: 105.000 euro

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The LGR 1 machine was build for execution of little diamond wire cutting on marble, stones, etc., but also in order to solve problems in building and artistic processing. The effectiveness of LGR 1 machine is confirmed by the extreme ease of working and the processing and cutting speed of the diamond wire. Thanks to this system the operations can be carried out without dust, noise and vibration, being able to perform cutting of any thickness, size and slant on stones like squaring or preparatory

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Drilling Machine › Hydraulic DTH Drill Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Slate, Onyx, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The tr-ex 1000 is an excavator or backhoe mounted drill attachment built to be dependable, rugged and versatile. The attachment mounts to the excavator (dipper stick) and after installation you can go from drilling to bucket or breaker work in 20 minutes. Benefits • Big reach advantage over dedicated hydraulic drill rigs • Very quick setup times between holes • Ideal for blast hole, pipeline, pre-shear, rock bolting and drilling with casing • Incredible geometry for drilling • Hydraulic drill pe

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Block Cutting Machines › Closed Frame Gang Saw
Warranty: 24 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The machine GR 80 TAR is the perfect image of strength, power and control. STRENGTH: Structure especially designed to resist high speed cutting. It has two large connecting rods and the most suitable forgings. POWER: Its 132 Kw engine cuts all kind of material, soft or hard. CONTROL: Automated system that controls the cutting conditions, regulating the sinking speed within the consumption of the main engine. Besides its huge capacity, the sinking speed makes the gang saw GR 80 TAR the perfect ch

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › Stone Carving Robot
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Lapisystem from T&D Robotics , world leader in the robotic applications in the stone. T&D Robotics management, first in 1996 to use the robot in the stone, the only company with patented systems. Nowadays T&D Robotics is present in 34 Countries and five continents. Our systems have been installed in all artistic fields : Carving, restoration, sculpture, architecture, modern art. Countertop with single cells up to full automatic processing plants with multiple robots, resin application , cutting

Type: Stone Hand Held Machines › Stone Air Polisher, Grinder
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone
Machinery Function Features:
Low vibrate and noise with excellent performance. Gravity casting housing carries long duration of tool. A regulator under safety lever enables user to adjust frequency of air. Centre water feed function reduces dust, and improves environment protection. Water shroud prevents users wet their hands in cold weather. Water valve can be adjusted for variable water-flow. Includes a reversible side handle, exhaust muffler, air hose adapter and water valve with hose adapter. Both 3" and 4" pads are ava

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
Description: no.1- CHAIN SAW-rotation arm 202 ° complete with n ° 1 arm - useful cut 2 or 3 mt - new chain (can fit all the chain models) - 9 meters of rails ================================================================= no.1- X diamond wire machine with a speed of 40 m / sec - 50 HP- with protective film on the electrical parts - 360 ° rotation - with inverter for translation speed control and electronic board - complete with 6 meters track and flywheels - remote control panel. fully functio

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
H-RTG Dimensions: 1650 x 2050 x 1770 Power H75-G: 75 cv Power H60-G: 60 cv Cutting Speed: 0-44 m/seg (con variador de frecuencia) Max. Speed. Cart Displacement: 0.8 m/min.

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Surface Processing Machines › Arm Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
POWER: 5,5 HP, 1400 ROTATIONS OR WITH TWO SPEEDS, 5,5 HP – 7,5HP, 1400-2800 ROTATIONS MANUAL MOVEMENT: UP – DOWN GRINDING DISK: 4 ABRASIVE STONES GRINDING CAPACITY (& ANGLES): 3 Χ 1,5 METERS CAPABILITIES: QUICK CHANGE POLISHING PLATE FOR MARBLE KNOCKING HUMMER DISK PLATE BORING PLATE WIDTH FORMATION DISK WIDTH POLISHING SYSTEM

Type: Stone Maintenance Machines › Floor Grinding, Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite
Machinery Function Features:
TERRAZZO grinding machine - TRZ.112.380.199.00 TERRAZZO grinding machine is intended for grinding mosaic, marble and concrete floors and it is used in industrial construction and civil engineering. The major components of the machine are: electric motor, reduction gear, two traverses, and the running gear. The electric motor is connected to electricity mains via the protective cut-off device (PCD) and it is started and stopped with the help of the rotary switch. The rotational motion is transmit

Type: Stone Maintenance Machines › Floor Grinding, Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
Polishers "CYC", we have two models, very robust machines made of cast steel. We have all the parts and documentation.

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Sandstone

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Slab Cutting Machines › CNC Bridge Cutting Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Slate, Onyx, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Machine frame and work table made of hot galvanized dipped electro-welded steel that guarantees high water resistance. Digital brushless type axis drives, coupled with high precision gear motors, linear guides with recirculating balls protected by bellows, allow for extremely precise cuts. The blade motor has 24Hp - 17.6 kW power, can reach a maximum speed of 4300 RPM (opt. Tools 6000 RPM) can cut thicknesses up to 250mm. disc with maximum Ø 725 mm. The automatic rotation of the head 370°, the a

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Rock Crushers, Jaw Crushers
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
The 250-80 series include Stone Crushers with Special Blades and related accessories, such us Separators, Tipper Containers, Conveyor Belts (and others) are designed to recycle raw materials and scraps from processing of stone, marble, granite, porphyry, quartz, ceramics, building demolitions, similar material and glass, in small and large size, reducing the fragmented output for every requirement. Crushing process: it takes places due to a compression with a direct eccentric mechanism between d

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Double Blade Mining Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
The Magisa machines represent a highly reliable product, both the operation, which for the duration, because constructed so craft , and with the precision of control machines . In the 40 years of experience in the construction of construction machinery, Magisa was able to use the active collaboration of the customer up to obtain patents. Magisa only builds with quality materials and parts selected with the utmost care, produced by known companies. The dislocation logistics of these companies all

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › Edge Profiling, Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Slate, Onyx, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The BAT is a manually controlled line profiler dedicated to the processing of stone, synthetic materials and glass. It can execute profiling operation needed in a stonemason's laboratory without sacrificing performance in any way. The Basic model is designed to profile the external edges of the most common works in the building industry, as kitchen tops, bathroom tops, stairs, tables, shower bases, pools, window sills, fire places.The basic model profiles the workpiece that is already cut to siz

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › CNC Working Center
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
In one single cnc 3/4 axes machines all the shaping and lathing functions are gathered. OMAG MILL4X is a numerically controlled machining centre from 3 to 4 axes, which groups in a single unit all the functions of a former and a lathe. MILL4X results from OMAG’s 25 years’ manufacturing experience, which combines the best technologies with a simplicity in setting up work for forming, routing, engraving, milling, sculpting, sawing, polishing and lathe work on marble, granite, all types of stone an

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Resin Line Machines › Robotic Unit for Resin Treatment
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
The production capacity our plants varies from a less of 6 slabs/h to a maximum of 70 slabs/h. The level of automation of the plant line depends on Customer’s requirements, whereas the heating systems of drying and catalysis machineries can be equipped with gas or electrical devices. The plants features are not pre settled, therefore each line is designed according to the Customer’s demands that is about the useful space in the company the needed production capacity and the material characterist

$45,000 - $48,000
Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Slab Cutting Machines › CNC Bridge Cutting Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Slab Cutting Machines › CNC Bridge Cutting Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Skema plus is a modern monobloc bridge saw with tilting head and hot zinc coated frame for an exceptionally long lasting sturdiness and accuracy. It features 4 interpolated axes travelling on steel guideways with revolving balls and steel bands with revolving rollers protected by bellows and lubricated by a centralized system. The 0-90 tilting head with adjustable 45 reference stop along with the 0-180 rotation ensure a highly productive and versatile machine with the highest degree of comfort f

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Factory Cleaning Equipments › Air Dust Collector
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Surface Processing Machines › Stone Grooving Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
Outlaw Stone Machines DBA Ken Law, is a manufacturer of profession quality, industrial machines and equipment for stone fabricators.

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › CNC Working Center
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble
Machinery Function Features:
FOR SALE - LOCATED IN BETHLEHEM, PA (USA) 2015 BIESSE ROVER A-1632 5-AXIS CNC MACHINING CENTER, 129” X 62” X 9.6” 5-axis operating head, equipped with 17.4 HP HSD spindle and with 360° continuous rotation on the vertical and horizontal axes, enables the machining of complex-shaped pieces ensuring quality, precision and absolute long term reliability WORKING FIELD X-AXIS: 129” Y-AXIS: 62” Z-AXIS: 9.6” LOADABLE PIECE: 74.8” SPEEDS X-AXIS: 262 FPM Y-AXIS: 196 FPM Z-AXIS: 65 FPM VECTOR SPEED: 328 FP

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › Stone Carving,Engraving Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Sandstone

Type: Stone Maintenance Machines › Floor Grinding, Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Artificial Stone

Type: Stone Maintenance Machines › Floor Grinding, Polishing Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite
Machinery Function Features:
ROTO-ORBITAL MONOSPLE 17 ′′-1500 RPM OR 143 U Professional, innovative and multifunctional monospace models that make work on every type of surface easy and fast. Suitable for treatments such as polishing, deciding, crystallization, microlevigature on marble, concrete, stones, parquet, cooked and stoneware, O 143 is also ideal for cleaning delicate surfaces such as carpet and carpets. The swinging headboard adapts to all surfaces and allows you to work easily even on irregular floors, minimizing

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 3 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
· The machine is built with electro-welded steel and cast iron that guarantee the stability, rigidity and strength required to face any condition of working and ensure a long life of the equipment. · The head of support and rotation of the main motor is built of cast iron. · The main motor, electric and direct to the main wheel, is an 8 poles motor in the case of the 50 and 75 HP machines and 6 poles motor in the 100 HP ones; with them, the maximum torque of the motor is achieved in the normal s

€58,000
Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Block Cutting Machines › Multi Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Onyx, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
NOTES Automatic wiresaw with 2 programmable axes, programming through Cad/cam software

Type: Stone Quarry Machines › Quarry Wire Saw Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Marble, Limestone, Quartzite, Sandstone
Machinery Function Features:
FDP JÚNIOR is a compact machine designed to have reduced dimensions while being able to perform vertical and horizontal cuts in an easy and low maintenance way. It has a strong record of being a reliable and secure machine. It can be used for cutting concrete. Standard model: 20 and 30 HP. FDP E is a light machine that has its command screen jointly with the electric switchboard. Standard model:40/50/60/75 HP.

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › Waterjet Machines
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Artificial Stone, Basalt
Machinery Function Features:
LG 4020 Five Axis Gantry Water Jet Machine for natural stone and artificial stone(quartz, porcelain, sintered stone)

Type: Artificial Stone Machines › Cutting and Splitting Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Artificial Stone
Machinery Function Features:
Laser automatic positioning, graphic scanning, automatic labeling, straight line & special-shaped cutting, high cutting precision, fast cutting speed, long service life, no consumables Fully independent research and development, design, production, can be customized according to the special needs of users. Adopt HD industrial display screen, aluminum alloy profile shell, explosion-proof, dustproof, super long service life. Ultra wide viewing Angle and ultra high display brightness. Specially dev

Type: Artificial Stone Machines › Printing, Decorating Machine
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Artificial Stone
Machinery Function Features:
HOPEJET Y Series Scanning Ceramic-Porcelain Inkjet Printing Machine ●Automatic cleaning, printheads protection, waste ink disposal multifunction integration; ●Printheads plates lifting and descending as a whole to ensure printing precision; ●Automatic ink recycling system, economical and eco-friendly production;

Type: Stone Factory Machines › Stone Finishing, Profiling Machines › CNC Working Center
Warranty: 12 Months
Usage: Granite, Marble, Limestone, Slate, Onyx, Artificial Stone, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Travertine
Machinery Function Features:
As one of the glass and rock plate CNC machining center manufacturers, MKD has always been committed to developing mid-to-high-end products, and is distinguished from other brands by its superior design and reliability. MKD's manufacturing philosophy: ingenuity to manufacture high quality. The design purpose of MKD CNC: to process high-quality products with the shortest preparation time and fast axis moving speed, the full digital operation and control system improves the response speed and prec




